Principle and application of ultrasonic extraction

Principle and application of ultrasonic extraction

Ultrasonic extractor is also called ultrasonic assisted extraction and ultrasonic extractor. Utilize the multi-stage effects of strong cavitation, disturbance effect, high speed, crushing, stirring, etc. produced by ultrasonic radiation pressure to increase the frequency and speed of the movement of material molecules and increase the penetration of the solvent, thereby accelerating the entry of target components into the solvent and promoting extraction.

Ultrasonic extraction instrument is also called ultrasonic assisted extraction and ultrasonic extraction machine. Utilize the strong cavitation, disturbance effect, high speed, breaking, stirring and other multi-stage effects produced by ultrasonic radiation pressure to increase the frequency and speed of the movement of material molecules, increase the penetration of the solvent, and accelerate the target component to enter the solvent to promote the extraction get on.

Application analysis of ultrasonic extraction technology in the pharmaceutical field:

(1) Accelerate the movement of medium particles. When the frequency of ultrasound in a continuous medium (such as water) is higher than 20khz, according to the Huygens wave principle, it will cause the medium particles (including the particles of important active ingredients of medicinal materials) to move in the wavefront plane of its propagation, causing the medium particles to move Can obtain huge acceleration and kinetic energy. The acceleration of a particle can be calculated as more than two thousand times the acceleration of gravity. Because the ultrasonic energy acts on the active ingredient particles of the medicinal material, the medium particles obtain huge acceleration and kinetic energy, and quickly escape from the medicinal material matrix and free in the water.

(2) Air action. The propagation of ultrasonic waves in liquid media will produce special cavitation effects. The cavitation effect continuously produces a large number of tiny pores with an internal pressure reaching thousands of atmospheres, and the continuous "blasting" produces a weak shock wave effect on the Chinese herbal medicine, so that the components and materials of the Chinese medicine escape under shelling, and the foundation of the medicine is continuously eroded. This does not belong to The medicinal components of the plant structure are continuously separated. Speed ​​up the extraction of plant active ingredients.

(3) The homogenization of ultrasonic vibration makes each point in the sample medium have the same effect, and the whole sample extraction is more uniform. In summary, the effective substances in traditional Chinese medicine under the action of the ultrasonic field can not only obtain the huge acceleration and kinetic energy of themselves as the medium particles, but also obtain the powerful external impact through the "cavitation effect" to completely separate them.